{"title":"Vanguard Publications","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"exploring-central-asia-10-vols","title":"EXPLORING CENTRAL ASIA - 10 VOLS","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXPLORING CENTRAL ASIA: (Asiatic Neighbours, The Pamirs, Travels in Central Asia, Through Central Asia, Visits to High Tartary Yarkand and Kashqar, Chinese Central Asia, Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor, Tribes of Central Asia, Reconnoitring Central Asia and Travels and Adventures in Central Asia)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42600807694372,"sku":null,"price":25000.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/WhatsApp_Image_2026-01-22_at_4.55.30_PM_1.jpg?v=1769083324"},{"product_id":"studies-in-culture-art-and-literature","title":"STUDIES IN CULTURE, ART AND LITERATURE","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis second volume of Professor K. K. Aziz's selected writings and addresses opens with a moving piece on the meaning of prayer. Then follow 3 lectures on culture: the way of life in medieval Muslim Deccan, the predicament of the Pakistani intellectual, and the departed glory of the Government College of Lahore. The 4 lectures on Islamic art explore its spiritual symbolism, religious significance and historical relevance. The section on literature mainly deals with the nature of poetry, the glory of love, John Keats, Oscar Wilde, Plato's theory of poetry, and Anglo-Indian fiction. These pieces were written between 1948 and 2000 and show how the author's mind has developed and his knowledge widened across the years. The outstanding quality of this collection is its freshness, regardless of the time when a particular item was composed. Aziz wrote well while still a student, and his mastery of words has kept pace with his growing years. His third and final collection, on remembering some great men.  will be published shortly. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42600808054820,"sku":"9694023599","price":1495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694023599-f.jpg?v=1757337346"},{"product_id":"cutting-edge-paf","title":"CUTTING EDGE PAF","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCutting Edge is Air Chief Marshal M Anwar Shamim's account of experiences in the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). He writes from the vantage point of a former head of the service. The interesting aspect is that the account coincides with the emergence of Pakistan on world map as an independent entity. This makes the author's story synonymous with the development of the nascent state. PAF is one national institution that can rightly claim an unblemished past, present and future. The author gives credit to the founding fathers for their visionary leadership and highlights the contributions of all key players who were instrumental in shaping the destiny of the aerial defenders. It is a story as much of equipment as it is of people; rather it presents a blending of the two. The author takes pride where pride is due but without any rancour or ill feeling. Herein we get to know ACM Shamim as a man and as a professional officer. Anecdotal in structure, the narrative is full of facts and we have a book available for consultation and study. It is a must-read for all.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42602596433956,"sku":"9789694025407","price":2495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/001.jpg?v=1757419483"},{"product_id":"flight-of-the-falcon","title":"FLIGHT OF THE FALCON","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFlight of the Falcon is about the spectacular episodes, trials and tribulations I had to face during my 28 years in the Pakistan Air Force. There is more in my story as it traverses through Pakistan's misfortunes soon after the death of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Au Jinnah. It begins with my encounter with the father of the nation, his unceremonious death followed by the murder of his legacy of unity. Ayub Khan's mid-night coup was a violation of the role the Quaid-e-Azam had bequeathed on the armed forces. The domino effect of dictatorial rule by unprofessional generals with unflattering soldiering history and self seeking corrupt politicians has finally brought Pakistan to its knees. No lessons were learnt and history keeps punishing us. What a legacy for our children to inherit, for which the nation continues to pay a price. What will it take to change our course?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEvery year the 1965 war is celebrated remorselessly to keep under wraps the failures of our leadership at the time. I feel cheated and enraged at the loss of the many gallant men who were martyred believing they were fighting for a sacred cause. The 1971 war was a corollary to the 1965 war and the Kargil conflict followed in the same vein. Shallow personal interests were projected as national interests by dictators. All these wars and conflicts proved to be catastrophic for the economy and security of Pakistan. Were these conflicts avoidable? If not, why were they not planned and directed with professional dexterity? Why were no lessons learnt from each disaster? Such questions have hardly been addressed candidly from fear of retribution by the powers that be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnfortunately, the armed forces have become punching bags for all the ills of the country. These are deceptive tactics to deflect our top leadership's failures and corruption. The combat crews from the army, navy and especially the PAF have always fought with indomitable courage and sacrificed lives to save what was and is left of Pakistan. They continue to perform their duty to the nation every minute of the day and night as you and go about our daily lives.Who pushed us into the devastation of wars and what was the outcome is a moot point and will be the focus of my book. It is time that the history of our wars is re-written and the truth is told. The lessons need to be brought out for Pakistan's survival. I feel it should be my legacy to leave behind a detailed account of not just the battles in which I fought, but the circumstances which led to these senseless conflicts and the leaders responsible for perpetrating them. In the end, the truth shall prevail.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42602596466724,"sku":"9789694025261","price":2495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/002.jpg?v=1757419483"},{"product_id":"the-fragmentation-of-afghanistan","title":"THE FRAGMENTATION OF AFGHANISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfghanistan has long been a country in turmoil. For decades, imperial powers, Islamic fundamentalists, tribal warriors, and communists have struggled for control of a nation that is geographically and ethnically fragmented.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir conflict reached a peak in the fourteen-year-long civil war that erupted in 1978, a war that resulted in the disintegration of Afghanistan as a state. This fascinating book is a complete analysis of the Afghan civil war, from the 1978 communist coup to the fall of Najibullah, the last Soviet-installed president, in 1992.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on interviews and unpublished private and government documents, Barnett Rubin shows how both the communist regime and the mujahidin (Islamic resistance) recruited leaders and mobilized resources for the conflict, and how international changes from the election of Ronald Reagan to the collapse of the Soviet Union affected the Afghan state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRubin argues that the origins, conduct, and resolution of the war were a function of Afghanistan's connections to the international community, for Afghanistan was incorporated into a state system not of its own making, and foreign financial and military assistance transformed both tribalism and fundamentalism to the point that they are as much creations of international conflict as the resurgence of local traditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42602620157988,"sku":"0300059639","price":1795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/0300059639-1.jpg?v=1757420456"},{"product_id":"underdevelopment-and-agrarian-structure-in-pakistan","title":"UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND AGRARIAN STRUCTURE IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this analysis of the relationship between agrarian structure and agricultural development in Pakistan, the author investigates the slow and uneven performance of agriculture and explores probable causes. He demonstrates that land reforms have failed to alter the pattern of concentration of land ownership and have in tact increased the marginality of landless tenants and small land-owners. He argues that among the most serious causes of Pakistan's uncertain agricultural future is the predicament of the average farmer. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNoting that small owner-operated farms are socially more efficient than large ones, Dr. Khan proposes a new, economically viable, land-tenure system. He also examines Pakistan's outmoded land-tax system and suggests a new method of direct agricultural taxation that would be efficient, equitable, and administratively feasible. He concludes, however, that such reforms are not likely to meet with political acceptance, even though increased pressures of technology and marginalizalion on the peasantry inevitably will result in disruptive — perhaps violent — change.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42603173412900,"sku":"086531134X","price":560.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/086531134X-1.jpg?v=1757425494"},{"product_id":"bhutto","title":"BHUTTO","description":"","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42603178852388,"sku":"9789694026459","price":3495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9789694026459.jpg?v=1757659148"},{"product_id":"a-dictionary-of-muslim-names","title":"A DICTIONARY OF MUSLIM NAMES","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe resurgence and revitalisation of Muslim culture have created a growing interest in the study of Muslim names. Throughout the world Muslims share similar names, be they in the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia or new migrants in the West. And it should not be forgotten that the first thing Allah taught Adam was names.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe predominant language in Muslim names is Arabic, followed by Persian (Farsi), the two major languages which transmitted Muslim culture in its early stages and later expansion. An important source of Muslim names consists of the ninety-nine attributes of Allah mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadith. According to Islamic belief, the relationship between man and his Creator is that of servant and master, and therefore a Muslim feels gratified to be named as a servant of one of the attributes of Allah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe purpose of this dictionary is to give the meaning or bearing on the Islamic heritage of the words, Arabic or Persian, which form parts of Muslim names. By way of illustration, it gives references to Muslims who left their mark on history in different ages, in different fields, and in various parts of the world. Where appropriate, the Qur'an is cited.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609215930404,"sku":"1850653577","price":1795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/1850653577-1.jpg?v=1757574809"},{"product_id":"the-report-of-the-hamoodur-rahman-commission-of-inquiry-into-the-1971-war","title":"THE REPORT OF THE HAMOODUR RAHMAN COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO THE 1971 WAR","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe report of the Hamoodur Rehman Commission of Inquiry into the 1971 War As Declassified by the Government of Pakistan is more than just an investigation into what happened in 1971 in East Pakistan. It is in fact the views of three eminent Pakistani judges, Mr Justice Hamoodur Rehman, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan: Mr Justice Anwarul Haq, Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court; and Mr Justice Tufailali Abdur Rahman, Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court, on the history of Pakistan from August 1947 to October 1958, when Pakistan was a floundering democracy. It details the subsequent periods of marital law under General Ayub Khan and General Yayha Khan. It gives an analysis of the intentions of General Yahya Khan and his cohorts, which may not be found elsewhere in the official history of Pakistan because the Report has remained secret till recently.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Report studies the international scene on the eve of the fall of Dhaka and, more importantly, goes into the strategic thinking of the Pakistan army. It calls into question the theory that 'the defence of East Pakistan lies in West Pakistan', and reveals that the GHQ had done nothing to underpin its own strategic thinking with preparedness. It examines the events in East Pakistan before the outbreak of disturbances there and minutely analyses the surrender of the Pakistan army in Dhaka. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Hamoodur Rehman Commission Report performs the task of a textbook on the history of Pakistan, based on the evidence placed before the Commission by those it summoned. It reveals more facts of history than any other textbook authorized by the Government of Pakistan. Those who think of it as a 'judgment' in the normal judicial sense will be surprised by the depth and sweep of the comment it makes on the state of Pakistan. It not only contains new insights that belie the orthodox view, it presents useful analyses of the personalities who ruled Pakistan and those who carried out their orders. No bookshelf on Pakistan is complete without a copy of the Report.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609319706660,"sku":"9694023513","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/447479378_435307409466593_5914297547856360629_n.jpg?v=1757576259"},{"product_id":"kashmir","title":"KASHMIR","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniquely representing all sides in the conflict over Kashmir, this innovative new book provides a forum for discussion not only of existing proposals for ending the conflict, but also of possible new paths toward settlement. Contributors from India, Pakistan, and Kashmir explore the national and sub national dimensions of the ongoing hostilities, the role of the international community, and future prospects. The result is an informed overview of the present state of affairsâ€\"and a realistic examination of the potential for peaceful resolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609442783268,"sku":"9789694025254","price":995.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9789694025254.jpg?v=1757659043"},{"product_id":"colonialization-of-islam","title":"COLONIALIZATION OF ISLAM","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat is the social base of Islamization? What norms can be derived from it? What areas are being Islamized? What is Islamization all about? These and similar pertinent questions are dealt with in this book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe theoretical framework developed and elaborated in the first chapter is substantiated by a wide range of data that follow.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pioneering study gives an insight into the different manifestations of Islam, rural and urban social structures, the tussle between modernity and tradition, between colonial and indigenous societies. In short: the struggle between mullahs and colonializing masters.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609467162660,"sku":"8173041482","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/8173041482-1.jpg?v=1757578031"},{"product_id":"howzzat","title":"HOWZZAT?!","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolitical satire is a staple of democracy. And this is satire at its brilliant best witty, pithy and hilarious. Cricketer turned politician Imran Khan's fictional diary pushes the boundaries of censorship and intolerance. It is a must-read for all those interested in the endless drama, delusion, hypocrisy, ignorance, manipulation, ego mania and absurdity that is Pakistani power politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609487020068,"sku":"9789694025728","price":1795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9789694025728.jpg?v=1757659093"},{"product_id":"from-pole-to-pole","title":"FROM POLE TO POLE","description":"","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609497341988,"sku":"818650544X","price":3530.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/818650544X.jpg?v=1757579283"},{"product_id":"pakistan-2","title":"PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt's a collection of sixty-one essays written in the last twenty-six years. They cover a wide range of issues related to Pakistan an:1 beyond. There are reflective essays about freedom, old age, good life, evolution, and gossip. Another group of essays focus on culture and society: leisure and work, the art of discussion, Muslim societies, and nostalgia. A third group covers international politics: conflicts in the Holy Land, Kashmir, Afghanistan and Xinjiang, Bangladesh at 50, and Islamophobia. The fourth group of essays are about the history and politics of Pakistan, including three counterfactuals. The focus of the next group of essays is on Pakistan's economy, its performance and comparison with Malaysia and Bangladesh. The largest number of essays are in the sixth group on agriculture and rural development in Pakistan. In the final croup are seven biographical essays about the life and work of individuals who are simply inspirational.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609503567908,"sku":"9789694026527","price":2995.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9789694026527-1.jpg?v=1757659161"},{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-the-poetry-of-faiz-ahmed-faiz","title":"AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POETRY OF FAIZ AHMED FAIZ","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFAIZ AHMED FAIZ (1911-1984), poet, teacher, editor, freedom- fighter, dramatist, critic, progressive writer and Lenin Peace Prize recipient, was the author of eight collections of poems in Urdu and is considered one of the great poets of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. He was no mere 'dreamer of dreams'. Great poets like Faiz are warriors and act as the conscience their times. Countries have frontiers but the war against slavery and exploitation has no frontier. Faiz espoused the cause of freedom in Pakistan, and for the peoples of the world. He ranks with poets like Pablo Neruda, Nizam Hikmat and Louis Aragon. His poetry, rich with the classical blood of Ghalib and Iqbal, acquired a characteristic hue and he excelled in both the nazm and ghazal form, blazing a trail of love and revolution. This is the first English language study to be published anywhere of the poetry of Faiz and a critical appreciation of his life and times.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504288804,"sku":"9694020018","price":595.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020018-f.jpg?v=1757663659"},{"product_id":"the-political-economy-of-health-care-in-pakistan","title":"THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH CARE IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book deals with one of the most essential conditions of human existence: the health of individuals and society. The author has described the multi-faceted structure of health care in Pakistan at great length and has then identified and highlighted the results of this health system on the people of the country. He uses a Marxist framework and shows how the exploitation and domination of a small minority in the economic structure of society is mirrored in the health structure of the country. He argues that the existing economic and political situation in Pakistan has resulted in a model of health care which is elitist, western-oriented, and suited to the needs of a handful of well-to-do people. The author shows how this elitist bias is predominant in the numerous layers of the model, and issues, such as medical education, the social background of medical students, the geographical location of health facilities and doctors, etc., are all analyzed within this perspective. He shows convincingly, that the goal \"health for all by the year 2000\", given the existing class structure in Pakistan, is an impossibility. To achieve health for all, or for even the majority of the people in Pakistan or any other underdeveloped capitalist country, one needs, as a prerequisite, to change the existing economic, social and political structure which gives birth to the particular inequitable model of health care. Only then can one have the beginnings of a more just and equitable society and hope for health for all.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504321572,"sku":"9694020026","price":300.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020026.jpg?v=1757579602"},{"product_id":"the-political-economy-of-health-care-in-pakistan-2","title":"THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH CARE IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book deals with one of the most essential conditions of human existence: the health of individuals and society. The author has described the multi-faceted structure of health care in Pakistan at great length and has then identified and highlighted the results of this health system on the people of the country. He uses a Marxist framework and shows how the exploitation and domination of a small minority in the economic structure of society is mirrored in the health structure of the country. He argues that the existing economic and political situation in Pakistan has resulted in a model of health care which is elitist, western-oriented, and suited to the needs of a handful of well-to-do people. The author shows how this elitist bias is predominant in the numerous layers of the model, and issues, such as medical education, the social background of medical students, the geographical location of health facilities and doctors, etc., are all analyzed within this perspective. He shows convincingly, that the goal \"health for all by the year 2000\", given the existing class structure in Pakistan, is an impossibility. To achieve health for all, or for even the majority of the people in Pakistan or any other underdeveloped capitalist country, one needs, as a prerequisite, to change the existing economic, social and political structure which gives birth to the particular inequitable model of health care. Only then can one have the beginnings of a more just and equitable society and hope for health for all.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504354340,"sku":"9694020034","price":595.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020034.jpg?v=1757579602"},{"product_id":"murder-and-homicide-in-pakistan","title":"MURDER AND HOMICIDE IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this book, murder is viewed in the cultural specificity of Pakistan. The author shows how several peculiar factors - traditional safeguarding of the family relational system, land, historic notions of vengeance, \u003ci\u003ebaradari\u003c\/i\u003e ties, the concept of honour etc - are all related to the cause and effect of murder and homicide in Pakistan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author also examines the secular nature of the Pakistani penal code in a country which apparently derives its raison d'etre from the spirit of Islam. The study is based on a sample survey of convicted murderers in the New Central Jail, Multan, the largest federal institution in the country which houses convicts from all over the country.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author carried out exhaustive interviews and supplemented these findings with published data on homicide over a large period of time. Finally, his conclusions are compared to those of other studies from different cultures. This is the first major study on this subject to be published anywhere and is an invaluable source of primary material for further research.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504387108,"sku":"9694020069","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020069.jpg?v=1757579603"},{"product_id":"murder-and-homicide-in-pakistan-2","title":"MURDER AND HOMICIDE IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this book, murder is viewed in the cultural specificity of Pakistan. The author shows how several peculiar factors - traditional safeguarding of the family relational system, land, historic notions of vengeance, baradari ties, the concept of honour etc - are all related to the cause and effect of murder and homicide in Pakistan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author also examines the secular nature of the Pakistani penal code in a country which apparently derives its raison d'etre from the spirit of Islam. The study is based on a sample survey of convicted murderers in the New Central Jail, Multan, the largest federal institution in the country which houses convicts from all over the country.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author carried out exhaustive interviews and supplemented these findings with published data on homicide over a large period of time. Finally, his conclusions are compared to those of other studies from different cultures. This is the first major study on this subject to be published anywhere and is an invaluable source of primary material for further research.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504419876,"sku":"9694020077","price":595.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020077.jpg?v=1757579606"},{"product_id":"squatter-settlements-in-pakistan","title":"SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book contains the results of a series of studies undertaken in Baldia Township, Karachi. The first chapter summarizes theoretical issues as, for example, the question of the displacement of people as a possible side-effect of legalization and upgrading of settlements. Chapter two describes Karachi's main features, its housing problem and government housing policies. The third chapter places Baldia in perspective and the project's scope of activities. Chapters four and five present and analyse the main findings of the survey, touching on demographic aspects, housing and services and the project's financial consequences for the inhabitants of Baldia. The last chapters present the main conclusions and recommendations of the project.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504452644,"sku":"9694020123","price":200.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020123.jpg?v=1757579608"},{"product_id":"rural-urban-migration-in-pakistan","title":"RURAL - URBAN MIGRATION IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn many third world countries the astounding rate of urbanization and the related problems of housing and employment are caused not only by natural urban increase but by an enormous influx of migrants as well. Pakistan is no exception, and Karachi demonstrates the magnitude of these problems rather well. This case study of Karachi comprises seven chapters. The first is theoretical; the second relates migration to family and household of the migrant; the third presents the background to rural migration; the fourth analyses the results of a pilot study; chapter five gives the results of a migration survey of several bastis in Karachi; chapter six discusses issues of migration and low income housing in Karachi and the last chapter notes the consequences of the migration-type for community life in the surveyed bastis of Karachi. The research in this book supplements that done in an earlier volume by the author and co-edited with Mehtab Karim, titled Migration in Pakistan, Vanguard Books Ltd, Lahore, 1986.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504485412,"sku":"9694020131","price":200.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020131.jpg?v=1757579608"},{"product_id":"india-wins-freedom","title":"INDIA WINS FREEDOM","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia Wins Freedom has at last won its own freedom. The full text of this autobiographical narrative was confined, under seal, in the National Library, Calcutta, and in the National Archives, New Delhi, for thirty years. In 1958 the 'narrator' Maulana Azad and his 'writer' Humayun Kabir had offered for publication a slightly abridged and revised version which left out 'incidents and reflections mainly of a personal character'. That version underwent three large printings in the first year of publication and has been reprinted many times since then. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhat we now have is the complete text, released in September 1988 by a court directive. Not only have all the words and phrases of the original been reproduced; the original tone and temper have been fully restored. The text now reveals that the controversy that has simmered for so long about the hitherto unpublished pages was fully justified. Those who have read the earlier version will quickly note the points on which this account differs from the earlier one. Those who have not read the earlier volume will find the present one as new and alive as it was when completed and put away in 1958.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany of us may not agree fully with Maulana Azad's forthright views on persons and events of the period (1935-48) but we shall be compelled to admire anew the honesty and courage of a great son of India.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504518180,"sku":"969402014X","price":1995.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402014X.jpg?v=1757579609"},{"product_id":"india-pakistan-relations-1962-1969","title":"INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS 1962-1969","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOf the many problems which India and Pakistan have confronted since 1947, the most destructive has been their unsatisfactory relationship with each other.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe roots of this behavior were established during the course of events which brought about the creation and birth of Pakistan. Several conflicts later, including one which led to the dismemberment of Pakistan, the suspicion and hostility which characterizes relations between the two countries, after over 40 years as sovereign nation-states, is unparalleled in the history of international relations after the second world war.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDennis Wright's study focuses on the legacy of • the Sino-Indian conflict and how it sheds light on India's perception 'of the threat from Pakistan'. He examines the origins and aftermath of the issue of Kashmir and the Rann of Kutch, the implications of the Soviet Union's close relationship with India and Pakistan's with the US. He also discusses the movements for regional autonomy in Pakistan and what bearing these have had on Indo-Pak relations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWright's argument is that, because both sides' attitudes are so deeply ingrained, neither side has been in a position to act in the best interests of the peoples of the subcontinent as a whole.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book draws on a mass of original data, including parliamentary debates of the period, UN records and documents, Indian, Pakistani and British newspapers and contemporary sources in books and journals\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504550948,"sku":"Y4027","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/Y4027.jpg?v=1757660241"},{"product_id":"memoirs-of-an-egoist","title":"MEMOIRS OF AN EGOIST","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBadr-ud-Din Tyabji's first volume of memoirs is a personal record encompassing half a century of India's recent history. The momentous changes this period witnessed are chronicled by Tyabji from a unique position of vantage. Diverse cultural and intellectual influences - an enlightened Islamic and strongly nationalist family tradition, tempered by a liberal Western education - shaped his forceful personality and distinguished career. This volume traces the author's childhood and youth under the Raj, his experience as a civil service officer, the rough crossing over into Independence under the shadow of Partition, the shaping of the new sovereign republic, and his experiences of the Indian Foreign Service in its infancy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The Tyabji family rose from a background of entrepreneurial prosperity to social prominence in an age when emerging nationalism was propelling the country swiftly towards a final confrontation with its colonial identity. These memoirs bring to life personalities and events of this vibrant period, not too distant but already sadly fading from national memory. The value of the book as a historical documentation is greatly enhanced by the author's robust wisdom, eye for detail and wry sense of humour. But his sharp observation, unflinching candour and cutting wit are always mellowed by a lively curiosity and instinctive generosity of heart. A self confessed egoist, Tyabji counter - balances his nostalgia for the past with pragmatic evaluation without detracting from its essential period charm.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504583716,"sku":"9694020182","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020182.jpg?v=1757579614"},{"product_id":"pakistan-authoritarianism-in-the-1980s","title":"PAKISTAN AUTHORITARIANISM IN THE 1980S","description":"","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504649252,"sku":"9694020387","price":795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020387.jpg?v=1757579616"},{"product_id":"seehat-mand-muashera","title":"SEEHAT MAND MUASHERA","description":"","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504682020,"sku":"B9030","price":795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/B9030.jpg?v=1757659949"},{"product_id":"sociology-of-natural-resources","title":"SOCIOLOGY OF NATURAL RESOURCES","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe environment throughout Pakistan is being increasingly degraded and supplies of natural resources are increasingly falling short of demands. The primary causes of this situation —growing population, a developing economy and changing patterns of resource use — are not physical, but social. Accordingly, attempts to understand the state of natural resources in Pakistan must begin with its society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHerein lies the value of this collection of readings. It consists of eighteen studies of different aspects of natural resource use in Pakistan (and surrounding countries). Each study presents data on a particular system of resource use and bases its conclusions and recommendations on these data. Instead of merely saying what should be — as is too often the case with development-related literature, these readings first say what is, and then argue from there. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis collection will be of value to government officials, scientists, professors, and students working in forestry, agriculture, soil conservation, irrigation, watershed management, energy, and environmental protection and conservation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504714788,"sku":"9694020530","price":1495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020530.jpg?v=1757579620"},{"product_id":"sociology-of-natural-resources-2","title":"SOCIOLOGY OF NATURAL RESOURCES","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe environment throughout Pakistan is being increasingly degraded and supplies of natural resources are increasingly falling short of demands. The primary causes of this situation —growing population, a developing economy and changing patterns of resource use — are not physical, but social. Accordingly, attempts to understand the state of natural resources in Pakistan must begin with its society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHerein lies the value of this collection of readings. It consists of eighteen studies of different aspects of natural resource use in Pakistan (and surrounding countries). Each study presents data on a particular system of resource use and bases its conclusions and recommendations on these data. Instead of merely saying what should be — as is too often the case with development-related literature, these readings first say what is, and then argue from there. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis collection will be of value to government officials, scientists, professors, and students working in forestry, agriculture, soil conservation, irrigation, watershed management, energy, and environmental protection and conservation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504747556,"sku":"9694020549","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020549.jpg?v=1757579621"},{"product_id":"partition-and-anglo-pakistan-relations","title":"PARTITION AND ANGLO-PAKISTAN RELATIONS","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book sheds light on Pakistan's relations with Britain from 1947 to 1951, with special reference to problems arising from the partition of the sub-continent. It centres on the British involvement at that time in certain conflicts, directly or indirectly, between India and Pakistan. The book is divided into five parts. The first part provides a very brief survey of Anglo-Muslim relations between 1857 and 1964. The second part, entitled 'Some Partition Problems', opens the floodgates to a round of rows between the Muslim League and the British in 1947. In the third part, the author focuses on Pak-Commonwealth relations in the context of the Kashmir Problem. He also discusses how and why both Pakistan and India have got bogged down in this quagmire. The fourth part is about the Government of Pakistan's attitudes and Britain's policies regarding defence arrangements within the Commonwealth. It also deals with some economic aspects of the Anglo-Pakistan equation at that time. The final part considers the so-called 'Pathanistan Issue' and details the historical record on the lukewarm relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan — the latter as a shadow behind the entangled events in the Tribal Areas while Pakistan continued to hold out an olive branch to Afghanistan.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504780324,"sku":"9694020573","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020573.jpg?v=1757579621"},{"product_id":"partition-and-anglo-pakistan-relations-1947-51","title":"PARTITION AND ANGLO-PAKISTAN RELATIONS, 1947-51","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book sheds light on Pakistan's relations with Britain from 1947 to 1951, with special reference to problems arising from the partition of the sub-continent. It centres on the British involvement at that time in certain conflicts, directly or indirectly, between India and Pakistan. The book is divided into five parts. The first part provides a very brief survey of Anglo-Muslim relations between 1857 and 1964. The second part, entitled 'Some Partition Problems', opens the floodgates to a round of rows between the Muslim League and the British in 1947. In the third part, the author focuses on Pak-Commonwealth relations in the context of the Kashmir Problem. He also discusses how and why both Pakistan and India have got bogged down in this quagmire. The fourth part is about the Government of Pakistan's attitudes and Britain's policies regarding defence arrangements within the Commonwealth. It also deals with some economic aspects of the Anglo-Pakistan equation at that time. The final part considers the so-called 'Pathanistan Issue' and details the historical record on the lukewarm relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan — the latter as a shadow behind the entangled events in the Tribal Areas while Pakistan continued to hold out an olive branch to Afghanistan.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504813092,"sku":"9694020581","price":595.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020581.jpg?v=1757579624"},{"product_id":"the-theory-and-practice-of-tax-reform-in-develpoing-countries","title":"THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TAX REFORM IN DEVELPOING COUNTRIES","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book approaches the subject of tax reform from basic economic principles. The objectives are to develop guidelines for the design of tax policy; to show how the principles can structure systematic research into tax reform in terms of the consequences for households, producers and governments; and finally, to combine the guidelines and applied research into a practical tax package for Pakistan, where tax reform has become an urgent priority. The authors provide a coherent framework to show how principles can be formulated, applied research structured, and policies developed and appraised in a systematic manner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The majority of developing countries are currently facing severe budgetary pressures with rising demands for expenditures and limited scope for raising extra government revenues. In addition, the revenue systems which are in place may themselves generate strong impediments to efficiency, the expansion of the economy, the growth of the tax base, equity and the achievement of development objectives. Tax reform should therefore be central to public policy and development planning and is seen as such by many governments. It has also moved to the forefront of discussion in international agencies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to graduate students, academic economists, and professional economists in international organisations and governments interested in public policy and development planning. The careful application of the ideas presented here should lead to a real improvement in the development of policy and to further empirical and theoretical research.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504845860,"sku":"9694020646","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694020646.jpg?v=1757579626"},{"product_id":"the-tale-of-the-old-fisherman-and-other","title":"THE TALE OF THE OLD FISHERMAN AND OTHER","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese twelve stories, each by a different hand, are the stuff of dreams, pain, longing, fear and hope. People from anywhere are here, but they speak and cry in Urdu, the language of Pakistan and India. Urdu has a rich literary tradition, and its evocations and idioms have been sensitively recreated in English.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504878628,"sku":"9694021162","price":795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694021162.jpg?v=1757579627"},{"product_id":"public-life-in-muslim-india-1850-1947","title":"PUBLIC LIFE IN MUSLIM INDIA 1850-1947","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext to the methods and decrees of the British government, the most important part of our modem history is composed of the activities and functions of the parties and movements which the Muslims of India established from 1850 onwards.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir organization and attitudes, aims and objects, and policies and resolutions determined the political evolution of the subcontinent. And yet very little information has so far been available about them. Professor Aziz has prepared this compendium to fill this gap.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter an extensive search among original sources and comparatively reliable secondary literature he has brought together in one volume all the basic data on the political parties, national movements, and cultural, religious, educational and literary societies, associations and other public bodies formed by the Muslims of India during British rule.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEven minor and less known organizations and institutions have not been omitted.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504911396,"sku":"9694021197","price":1995.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694021197.jpg?v=1757579627"},{"product_id":"prelude-to-pakistan-1930-1940","title":"PRELUDE TO PAKISTAN 1930-1940","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is a companion volume to Prof. Aziz's 'A History of the Idea of Pakistan' and it reprints the documents he used for researching a part of the period he covered in his massive and penetrating earlier study. Apart from the historical value inherent in the 252 documents reproduced here, three further considerations have impelled him to compile this collection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirstly, since every historian has the autonomy to interpret a document and every dishonest writer the freedom to distort or misconstrue it, the author feels obliged to put before his readers the material he used in writing his study to enable them to judge the authenticity of his sources.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSecondly, if read consecutively and intelligently, this collection gives the reader an idea of the climate of opinion in which the concept of Pakistan evolved. Finally, the reproduction in full of these documents will put the record straight in cases where some or all historians and scholars have tampered with the original text.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504944164,"sku":"9694021200","price":4995.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694021200.jpg?v=1757579630"},{"product_id":"paiker-e-khayal-se-faslon-tak","title":"PAIKER-E-KHAYAL SE FASLON TAK","description":"","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609504976932,"sku":"9694021243","price":450.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694021243.jpg?v=1757579633"},{"product_id":"the-murder-of-history","title":"THE MURDER OF HISTORY","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Pakistani schools and colleges what is being taught as History is really national mythology, and the subjects of Social Studies and Pakistan Studies are nothing but vehicles of political indoctrination. Our children don't learn History.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey are ordered to read a carefully selected collection of falsehoods, fairy tales and plain lies. Why and how has this come about? Who is responsible for it? In what ways is this destroying the country? Why doesn't anyone protest against it? In this book, the distinguished Pakistani historian K K Aziz asks and answers these questions for the first time, by making an in-depth study of 66 textbooks on these subjects currently in use in the schools and colleges of the country.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe (1) lists their errors of fact, emphasis and interpretation, (2) enumerates their major omissions, (3) corrects their mistakes, (4) brings out the distortions they teach and perpetuate, (5) estimates their ravaging effects on the students, and (6) measures their impact on the nation at large.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe does this with documented scholarship, meticulous care, deep understanding, acute concern, and rare courage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a stinging but fully deserved attack on the governments which order and prescribe these textbooks, the scholars and educationists who plan and approve them, the professors who write them, and the parents who accept them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe contents of this book should shake every general reader and throw every parent into a panic.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505009700,"sku":"969402126X","price":1795.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402126x.jpg?v=1757579633"},{"product_id":"children-of-a-lesser-god","title":"CHILDREN OF A LESSER GOD","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMillions of children in Pakistan live short and painful lives, suffering the worst forms of exploitation and neglect. Such injustice is often explained away as a direct result of the abject poverty in which their families live.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet lethargic legislatures, uncaring judges and poor planning by the state must share in the guilt of ignoring the pains and rights of such children. This book sets out to put the record straight. It argues that approaches to the question of child prisoners should require a totally new, care-oriented discipline, especially where legal rights are concerned.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book examines the extent to which laws are actually applied in practice. Recommendations are then offered to correct the deficiencies in the system. An added bonus for lawyers and human rights organizations involved in the defense for children's rights is the inclusion of eleven thoroughly updated appendices containing all relevant laws and amendments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505042468,"sku":"9694021316","price":1295.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694021316.jpg?v=1757579634"},{"product_id":"ethnicity-and-education-in-nation-building-in-pakistan","title":"ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION IN NATION-BUILDING IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince statistical data on national development representing ethnic breakdowns for Pakistan are unavailable, this study utilized the national Social Studies curriculum as an analytical instrument, for its proportionate ethnic representation, to address the inequality controversy and processes of political socialization and stratification in Pakistani society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe correlation between political changes in government and changes in the national Social Studies curriculum (the only uniform national curriculum designed to strengthen the national values in the younger generation) is suggestive of diverse perceptions of society by the ruling elite, and thus, reflective of an expectations mid achievements conflict among the different generations of diverse ethnic groups in that society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis case study suggests that the role of Punjab as the sole powerful province within the Pakistani federation, while helping the ruling elite (as the political crises of 1967, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1983, and 1986 suggest) is damaging the very foundations of the Pakistani state. The necessity for broader political participation, socialization, and stratification should be realized because the assimilationist policies now prevalent (under the guise of religion) cannot keep the country united indefinitely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505075236,"sku":"9694022533","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022533.jpg?v=1757579637"},{"product_id":"the-fourth-estate","title":"THE FOURTH ESTATE","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKhalid Hasan Is back with more racy stuff about people and politics in Pakistan. This latest collection of his articles has it all. ZAB, Paiz, Manto, Skipper Kardar, A.S. Bokhari, Habib Jalib, Kausar Niazi, Musarrat Nazir, Ava Gardner the list goes on. Khalid liasan once said that he found it far easier to4m,,a01 write about people than about issues and so it is his subtle and ironical look at Pakistani people,.the famous and the infamous, that makes this collection very readable. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo settle back and enjoy Khalid liasan's portraits of people and events that make Pakistan such a unique melting pot where the humourous and the bizarre go side by side.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505108004,"sku":"969402255X","price":1495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402255X.jpg?v=1757579639"},{"product_id":"the-1993-elections-in-pakistan","title":"THE 1993 ELECTIONS IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies of elections in Pakistan are few in number. This is not surprising in view of the fact that not many elections at the local, provincial and national levels have been held in the country. Accordingly, few scholars have devoted serious or bipartisan attention to this subject. That vacuum has now been partly filled by Dr Waseem's pioneering research into the 1993 elections, universally acknowledged as the fairest in Pakistani history.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book discusses in detail the Moeen Qureshi govern-ment's electoral mandate, all the major and minor political actors involved in the election campaign and its dynamics from start to finish. This is followed by a rigourous analysis of the provincial and national assembly election results, with particular attention devoted to factors which impinged on the final outcome, such as biradari, rural\/urban divide, ethnicity, party organisations, candidate selection, slogans, electioneering style, etc. The dynamics of the formation of the Benazir Bhutto government and the bye-elections are analysed with great objectivity. The book also examines the necessity and possibility of electoral reforms in the post-election period.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe addition of a detailed section of appendices — the controversial 8th amendment to the constitution, manifestos of both the PPP and Muslim League (Nawaz) and statistics about the election results — has made this meticulous and painstaking effort an absolutely indispensable handbook for researchers, political analysts and laymen alike.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505140772,"sku":"9694022622","price":495.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022622.jpg?v=1757579639"},{"product_id":"islamic-fundamentalism-in-pakistan-egypt-and-iran","title":"ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM IN PAKISTAN, EGYPT AND IRAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book examines the dynamics of the Islamic revivalist movements in the contemporary period. The manifestation of the phenomenon is diverse and varies considerably across a broad spectrum of behaviour. Specific cases of several movements, both Shi'ite and Sunni, radical and moderate, are examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe unit of analysis is the selected organizations. How they function depends primarily on the political system and the socio-economic and political milieu of the concerned state. Developments of networking among some Islamists outside immediate perimeters are examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eComparisons are made between the strategies, structures and ideologies of the most important of these movements. The Islamic Revolution in Iran is probed for unique qualities and differences between the Sunni and Shi'ite organizations are analyzed and explained. The countries of Iran, Egypt and Pakistan have been selected due to their representativeness.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll three are considered hotbeds of Islamic revivalism and have significantly influenced trends of the movement in the rest of the Islamic world. This is an absolutely indispensable book for those who wish to understand the compulsions behind the revival of Islamic sentiments and militancy in the third world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505173540,"sku":"969402263X","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402263X.jpg?v=1757579640"},{"product_id":"the-teaching-of-english-in-pakistan","title":"THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN PAKISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Teaching of English in Pakistan appraises the quality of English Language Teaching at the tertiary level. The study researches five major colleges of Lahore and presents its findings on the quality of the syllabus, the teaching methodology and the examination system. It emphasizes the need for a change to a communicative task based approach while teaching compulsory English to Intermediate and Graduate students. The book stresses the need for training of English teachers as a prerequisite for improving the quality of the English Language Teaching programme in Pakistan. It identifies the training needs of college teachers by a determination of the background of the College English Teacher; the English language needs of college students, and the major problems of college students and English teachers which constrain the effective learning and teaching of English.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505206308,"sku":"9694022649","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022649.jpg?v=1757579643"},{"product_id":"south-asia-approaches-the-millennium","title":"SOUTH ASIA APPROACHES THE MILLENNIUM","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis innovative volume offers a comprehensive analysis of the issues surrounding South Asia's precarious security.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGoing far beyond common considerations of border defense and regime, the contributors rigorously trace the social, economic, and ecological origins of present antagonisms. Although careful attention is paid to state military policies in the post-Cold War era — particularly as governments respond to a growing arms trade and nuclear proliferation — the authors also explore the far-reaching implications of environmental degradation and narcotics trafficking for security in the region, arguing that threats such as these transcend boundaries and local political regimes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExposing the fallacies of purely geopolitical, state-centric models for considering security issues, the authors highlight the complex historical interplay between state and unofficial actors. Concrete applications of their analysis to specific cases — like the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India — demonstrate the importance of confidence building measures and the inefficiency of \"zero-sum\" approaches to security.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinally, through its dynamic model of security, this volume offers insights into the emerging significance of new regional identities and relations in the next millennium\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505239076,"sku":"9694022657","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022657.jpg?v=1757579645"},{"product_id":"central-asia-in-historical-perspective","title":"CENTRAL ASIA IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince the demise of Soviet power, the newly independent republics are redefining their identities and their relations with the world at large. In Central Asia, which lies at the crossroads of several cultures, the emerging trends are complex and ambiguous.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn this volume, leading experts explore factors that have driven the region's historical development and that continue to define it today; overlapping Islamic, Russian, and steppe cultures and their effects on attempts to delimit national borders and to create independent states; the legacy of Soviet and earlier imperial rule in economic and social relations; and the competition between Uzbek, Tajik and other group identities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors make few predictions, but their original and thought provoking analyses offer readers new insight into aspects of Central Asia's past that may shape its future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505271844,"sku":"9694022665","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022665.jpg?v=1757579645"},{"product_id":"a-sense-of-siege","title":"A SENSE OF SIEGE","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book explores the nature of the friction between the Muslim world and the West, looking at legitimate perceptions and grievances on both sides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArguing that \"Islam versus the West\" does not represent the arena of the next global ideological struggle, the authors examine specific issues — for example, the enlarged role of Islam in internal politics — that require careful handling to prevent the consolidation of states into opposing blocs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505304612,"sku":"9694022673","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022673.jpg?v=1757579646"},{"product_id":"sectarianism-and-ethnic-violence-in-afghanistan","title":"SECTARIANISM AND ETHNIC VIOLENCE IN AFGHANISTAN","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCONFLICT IN AFGHANISTAN\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505337380,"sku":"9694022681","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022681.jpg?v=1757579649"},{"product_id":"pakistan-1995-96","title":"PAKISTAN 1995-96","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince the creation of Pakistan as an independent state in 1947 the country has struggled to integrate a diverse population, to stabilize its borders, and to establish enduring democratic institutions. Pakistan has yet to achieve those goals, as political, social, and economic ,upheavals continue to challenge the world's ninth most populous state. Despite the importance of Pakistan's status as a regional power and as a pivotal player on the global stage, relatively little timely, detailed analysis is available on the state. This book fills that gap by providing up-to-date analysis and information by leading scholars. The second in a biennial series, this volume interprets current developments in politics, economics, and foreign relations. In addition, special-interest chapters cover the status of women, Islamization, the role of the judiciary, the military, ethnic conflict, and nuclear issues. Scholars and general readers alike will find valuable insights and comprehensive coverage in this thoughtful collection of essays.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505370148,"sku":"969402269X","price":895.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402269X.jpg?v=1757579651"},{"product_id":"exploring-central-asia-reconnoitring-central-asia","title":"EXPLORING CENTRAL ASIA: RECONNOITRING CENTRAL ASIA","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe author has given a popular account of the principal pioneering exploits in the region lying between the Caspian and India. In his writings on Central Asia, he tries to arbitrate impartially between Russia and England, Liberal and Conservative, Russophobe and Russophile. Some of the chapters originally appeared in a skeleton form in the columns of the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, and the work was completed on his return from the Tsar's coronation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505402916,"sku":"9694022703","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022703.jpg?v=1757579651"},{"product_id":"exploring-central-asia-tribes-of-central-asia","title":"EXPLORING CENTRAL ASIA: TRIBES OF CENTRAL ASIA","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eColonel HC. Wylly serving the British Regiment in the 1890s found hardly any information of the country immediately beyond the North-West border. In this book, he deals in detail with the tribes of the North-West and the military relations British had with them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author describes the more turbulent of the tribes beyond the border, the countries they inhabited and the campaigns which had been undertaken against them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505435684,"sku":"9694022711","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/9694022711.jpg?v=1757579652"},{"product_id":"exploring-central-asia-the-pamirs","title":"EXPLORING CENTRAL ASIA: THE PAMIRS","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Pamirs is a faithful first-hand daily record of an year's expedition on horseback and foot through Kashmir, Ladakh, Western Tibet, Chinese Tartary, and the Pamirs undertaken by the author and his friend Major Roche and the author's subsequent journey alone through Russian Central Asia to the Caspian Sea in 1892-93.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExtremely interesting and very informative, the narrative makes you feel as if you have yourselves lived the events of the day during that arduous expedition and have been a part of the travel. The book throws valuable light on the historical, political, and socioeconomic conditions in this troubled region of the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirst published in 1893, in two illustrated volumes, this set has been out-of-print for long and we are, therefore, making it available again in a single volume limited edition for the benefit of all those interested in Central Asian studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609505468452,"sku":"969402272X","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/969402272X.jpg?v=1757579657"}],"url":"https:\/\/vanguardbooks.com\/collections\/vanguard-publications.oembed?page=5","provider":"Vanguard Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}