{"product_id":"identity-politics-in-central-asia-and-the-muslim-world","title":"IDENTITY, POLITICS IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE MUSLIM WORLD","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"van-product-description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNationalism was regarded as a positive force shaping \"modern\" societies and states but in Europe it has been overshadowed by the disasters of two world wars. Outside Europe it has continued to enjoy a heyday throughout the 20th century. Covering Turkey, Iran, Abghazia, Uzbekistan, Tajikstan, Afganistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, this study lays bare the counter-forces unleashed by the project of nationalist modernization, and the stimulation of identity politics as the result of ruthless repression of minority languages, culture, traditions and religion - the life-blood of minority ethnicity. This study examines how these policies, which include Islam as the basis of nation-building in, for example, Pakistan and the post-Pahlavi Iran, have strengthened identity politics and the movements for opting out of the nation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Vanguard Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42609255841828,"sku":"1860642616","price":15310.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/4823\/3764\/files\/1860642616-1.jpg?v=1757575344","url":"https:\/\/vanguardbooks.com\/products\/identity-politics-in-central-asia-and-the-muslim-world","provider":"Vanguard Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}